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Elyas Ostadi; abbas Khasheisiuki; amir salari
Abstract
The necessity of increasing economical productivity of agriculture and the increasing global demand for medicinal plants and considering the low water requirement of these plants have shifted the cropping pattern to their benefit. Water needs of Nigella sativa L., an important medicinal plant, was not ...
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The necessity of increasing economical productivity of agriculture and the increasing global demand for medicinal plants and considering the low water requirement of these plants have shifted the cropping pattern to their benefit. Water needs of Nigella sativa L., an important medicinal plant, was not known, therefore, we aimed to determine its water needs. (ETc) and crop coefficients (Kc) for different phenological stages in arid conditions of Birjand, in 2018. In order to conduct the research, three weighing lysimeters (with a diameter of 20 cm and a height of 16 cm) were used in three replications. Actual daily evapotranspiration was estimated by water balance in lysimeters and reference evapotranspiration was calculated based on 12 cm grass. The results showed that, in the initial stage, the rate of evapotranspiration was low, in the developmental stage it had an increasing trend, and after stabilization in the middle stage, with the onset of aging in the maturity stage of growth, the rate of evapotranspiration decreased. Actual and reference crop evapotranspiration was obtained as 670 mm and 1439 mm, respectively. The values of crop coefficients in the initial, development, middle, and final stages were obtained as 0.39, 0.53, 0.59, and 0.28, respectively. The general conclusion of the research is that by using the values of crop coefficients and water requirement, it is possible to cultivate this crop with maximum water productivity in the arid region of Birjand.
Abbas Khashei Siuki; Ali Shahidi; mehdi dastourani; Hamid Reza Fallahi; fatemeh Shirzadi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of soil amendments, zeolite and superabsorbent polymer, on the quantity and quality of sesame yield under drought stress, a factorial experiment was performed in randomized complete block design with three replications, at Research Field of College of Agriculture, University ...
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In order to investigate the effect of soil amendments, zeolite and superabsorbent polymer, on the quantity and quality of sesame yield under drought stress, a factorial experiment was performed in randomized complete block design with three replications, at Research Field of College of Agriculture, University of Birjand, in 2017-2018. Treatments included irrigation at two levels of 50% and 100% water requirement and amendment materials at 6 levels of Z0, Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4 and Z5. (Z0= Control, Z1=adsorbent polymer (125 kg / ha), Z2 = 11.2 ton/ hect of zeolite and Z3 =6.2 ton/hect of zeolite, Z4= zeolite 11.2 ton / hect of zeolite + 125 kg / hect of adsorbent polymer, Z5 =6.2 ton/ hect of zeolite + 125 kg /hect/ of adsorbent polymer) In this study, 1000-grain weight, percentage of crude grain oil, crude protein of grain, plant height, grain yield, harvest index, and water use efficiency were investigated. The results showed that 1000-grain weight, oil percentage, grain protein, plant height, and sesame grain yield were affected by different levels of irrigation and amendments at 1% probability level. Also, harvest index and water use efficiency were affected by different levels of amendments at 1% probability level. Oil percentage, grain yield and harvest index were affected by interaction effects of irrigation levels and amendments at 1% probability level. The highest grain weight, percentage of crude grain oil, crude protein of grain, plant height, grain yield, harvest index, and water use efficiency were observed in Z4 treatment. The results showed that the change in irrigation level from 100% to 50% significantly reduced yield. The highest amount of 1000-grain weight in different levels of amendments was 4.12 g in Z4 and the lowest was 2.89 g. in Z0 treatments Also, the highest amount of crude grain oil in irrigation and different levels of amendments was 56.8% and 40.5%, respectively. The highest and the lowest amount of crude protein in response to different levels of amendments were 15.7% and 13.1%, respectively. The results showed that drought stress had a negative effect on plant growth, but the use of zeolite and superabsorbent polymer partially offset this effect.
Saeed Ghavam; Hossin Homami; Abbas Khashei
Abstract
Water is one of the most important factors that limit agricultural development, especially in arid and semiarid regions around the world. One of the important data for water management is the amount of water requirement of different plants. In this regard, by measuring water input and output in lysimeters ...
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Water is one of the most important factors that limit agricultural development, especially in arid and semiarid regions around the world. One of the important data for water management is the amount of water requirement of different plants. In this regard, by measuring water input and output in lysimeters and using water balance equation, crop water use is determined. In this study, to determine crop coefficients of Milk thistle, as a valuable medicinal herb, a 1-year lysimetric experiment was conducted in Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, during the growing season of 2018. To conduct this project, six weighing lysimeters were used. To determine potential evapotranspiration as a reference crop, grass was grown in three lysimeters and, in three other lysimeters, Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) was planted. Based on the results, the reference crop evapotranspiration and actual evapotranspiration of the plant were equal to, respectively, 1179.5 and 920.2 mm, during the growing period of 177 days. The length of different stages of plant growth, including the initial, development, middle, and end stages was 22, 35, 70, and 50 days, respectively. Finally, based on the FAO method, the crop coefficient (KC) curve was drawn and the average of crop coefficient at each of four stages of plant growth was determined as 0.34, 0.69, 0.93, and 0.77, respectively.
Fakhroddin ghassemi sahebi; Omolbani Mohammadrezapour; Masoomeh Delbari; Abbas KhasheiSiuki; Ali Cherati
Abstract
To investigate the effect of unconventional water and zeolite on yield and water use efficiency of sorghum, a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications, at Gharakhil Agricultural Research Station in Ghaemshahr, Mazandaran Province. In this experiment, ...
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To investigate the effect of unconventional water and zeolite on yield and water use efficiency of sorghum, a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications, at Gharakhil Agricultural Research Station in Ghaemshahr, Mazandaran Province. In this experiment, the main treatment was irrigation water quality (well water as control (W1); 75% well water and 25% seawater (W2); 25% well water and 75% seawater (W3); 100% treated urban wastewater alternated with 100% seawater (W4); 50% seawater and 50% urban treated wastewater (W5); irrigation with urban treated wastewater (W6)), and sub-treatment included three levels of zeolite as soil amendment (without zeolite Z1, calcic zeolite Z2, and potasic zeolite Z3). The results of data analysis showed that irrigation water quality treatments and zeolite levels had a significant (P<0.05) effect on plant yield. With increasing salinity, the yield of fresh and dry fodder sorghum decreased, but no significant difference was observed between treatments W5 and W4. The fresh and dry fodder yield in treated wastewater with calcic zeolite was higher than other treatments. The highest leaf area index was recorded in W6Z2 treatment (7.62) and the lowest was in W3Z1 treatment (3.80). The highest water use efficiency of fresh forage was observed in W6Z2 treatment (12.7 kg/m3) and the lowest in W3Z1 treatment (4.62 kg/m3).
Ali Beyki; Abbas Khashei
Abstract
This research was conducted with the aim of studying the effect of interaction of water stress and different levels of zeolite on growth and yield characteristics of black cumin (Nigella sativa L)plant during cropping season of 2018. The study was based on completely randomized block design as split ...
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This research was conducted with the aim of studying the effect of interaction of water stress and different levels of zeolite on growth and yield characteristics of black cumin (Nigella sativa L)plant during cropping season of 2018. The study was based on completely randomized block design as split plots, with irrigation at two levels (I1 and I2: irrigation with 100% and 50% water requirement, respectively) and zeolite treatment at three levels (Z0: without Z1 and Z2: using potassium zeolite at 2 and 4 gr.kg-1 soil, respectively), with three replications at Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand. Under the influence of interaction between zeolite and irrigation management, the highest plant height was 16.88 cm, and weight of fresh and dry yield and 1000-seed were, respectively, 11.96, 9.33, and 13.19 g. Also the number of capsules per plant and seeds per capsules were, respectively, 10.11 and 52.44. The maximum grain yield was 874.77 kg.ha-1 and water use efficiency (WUE) was 0.135 kg.m-3, respectively. The lowest values for the corresponding parameters were 13.13 cm, 7.4, 5.05, and 11.95 g, respectively, and 8.33 and 44.44 for the number of capsules per plant and seeds per capsule, yield of 748 kg.ha-1 and WUE of 0.118 kg.m-3,. Water stress led to a decrease in the characteristics of growth and yield of black cumin. Therefore, application of zeolite at high levels (15 tons per hectare), especially under full irrigation of the plant, could lead to maximum yield and characteristics of black cumin growth.
yahya choopan; abbas khashei; ali shahidi
Abstract
In arid and semi-arid regions, such as Iran, it is inevitable to use wastewater for irrigation. In this regard, the present research was conducted using a completely randomized block design with three replications and five irrigation treatments. The study included well water (control):T1, municipal wastewater ...
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In arid and semi-arid regions, such as Iran, it is inevitable to use wastewater for irrigation. In this regard, the present research was conducted using a completely randomized block design with three replications and five irrigation treatments. The study included well water (control):T1, municipal wastewater of Torbat Heydarieh city:T2, combining 50% well water and 50% wastewater: T3, alternative irrigation with well water and wastewater: T4, and the combination of 34% well water and 66% wastewater (used farmers) T5. Based on the results obtained from the mean square of the traits, effect of the type of irrigation water was significant on yield, number of boll per plant, number of leaves, and plant height at a probability level of 1% (P<0.01), and for stem diameter at 5% probability level (P<0.05). Based on the results, the highest and lowest yields were obtained in T3 and T1 treatments with 133.6 and 78.8 gram per plants, respectively. The highest number of leaves and stem diameter was recorded in T5 treatment as, respectively, 45.3 and 9.5 mm. The highest and the lowest number of bolls were obtained in T2 and the control treatment, respectively, with values of 16.3 and 8.
Elham Saberi; fateme rezaei; a kh
Abstract
Detailed estimation of evapotranspiration is required for water balance studies, water utilities, design and management of irrigation conveyance systems and water resources management, and other purposes. In this study, crop coefficients and water requirements of Ajwain, which is one of the most important ...
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Detailed estimation of evapotranspiration is required for water balance studies, water utilities, design and management of irrigation conveyance systems and water resources management, and other purposes. In this study, crop coefficients and water requirements of Ajwain, which is one of the most important medicinal herbs, were determined during a growing season in College of Agriculture, University of Birjand, by using lysimeters. For this purpose, three weighing lysimeters were used and water requirement of Ajwain was calculated by water balance method. To calculate the reference evapotranspiration, common grass sown in green spaces was used with a height of 12 cm as the reference plant. Finally, at the end of the growing season, values of Ajwain crop coefficients during different growth stages including early stage, crop development, midseason, and late season were obtained as, respectively, 0.78, 1.06, 1.13 and 0.96. Also, the total evapotranspiration of the plant in lysimeter was 492 mm.